By: Ephreeda Banda

The School of Journalism and Media Studies at Rhodes University, in collaboration with the South African National Editors' Forum (SANEF), introduced the Makhanda Declaration. This significant proclamation aims to rejuvenate the field of journalism in South Africa, aligning with the celebration of SA Media Freedom Day. October 19 marks Media Freedom Day, commemorating Black Wednesday in 1977 when the Apartheid regime banned the World and Sunday World newspapers and imprisoned anti-apartheid journalists. 

The Makhanda Declaration, a document inspired by the 1991 Windhoek Declaration created by African journalists, has been revisited.   This updated declaration, formulated by journalists, academics, and scholars during a summit in Makhanda in April 2024, aims to tackle the present-day obstacles the journalism industry faces. The declaration, with its 11 outlined objectives, seeks to secure the future of journalism by emphasising the importance of investing in journalism, ensuring financial stability, putting an end to attacks on journalists, advocating for diversity and inclusivity, safeguarding journalistic freedom, and encouraging the development of critical thinking skills.   

During a panel discussion led by Tshamano Makhadi from SANEF and Jeanne du Toit, the head of the School of Journalism, prominent figures in the industry discussed the declaration. Cheri-Ann James underscored the importance of delivering accurate news within the evolving media landscape. Heather Robertson brought attention to the need for the industry to adapt. Jurie Blignaut called for more excellent protection for journalists. Jeanne du Toit emphasised, "This declaration is a call to action, a commitment to journalism's endurance and success." The future depends on collective responsibility, dedication and passion.

Zikhona Tshona, freelance journalist and producer, stressed mental health awareness by sharing personal experiences. Zikhona Tshona's testimony underscored journalism's emotional toll. "Nobody prepares you for what to expect," she said. Editors and managers must prioritise journalists' well-being, creating safe spaces and encouraging help-seeking. The panel acknowledged progress in addressing mental health but urged continued support. Mental health awareness is crucial, as journalists often face trauma, stress and pressure.

One major issue highlighted is the widespread use of cell phones and small screens, promoting a growing dependence on digital media within society. This transition poses a challenge to media literacy, as artificial intelligence and technology are beginning to take on human responsibilities, albeit at a faster pace. Despite this, panellists emphasised that speed alone should not be a reason to replace human journalists, as the processes of verification and nuanced interpretation are crucial components that cannot be overlooked.  

Nothando Yolanda Tshuma, Grocotts Mail intern and a postgrad diploma student, highlighted the issue of the digital divide, wherein specific communities face barriers to accessing digital media, further widening societal inequalities. This emphasises the importance of journalism that is inclusive, diverse, and easily accessible. South African journalism is encountering significant difficulties, such as financial constraints, media ownership consolidation, and safety apprehensions among journalists.  

The dissemination of disinformation has disrupted the industry. The Makhanda Declaration aims to tackle these challenges by advocating for public interest journalism and supporting up-and-coming journalists. The successful execution of a plan demands the involvement of various industries, active participation of stakeholders, revisions in policies, and consistent oversight. The declaration offers a roadmap for achieving goals. Support for journalism contributes to the development of a strong and thriving environment.   

The discussion participants agreed that it is essential for media outlets to work together with SANEF and governmental entities to provide backing for both the industry and local media organisations. This collaboration plays a vital role in fostering strong and active democracies.

The Makhanda Declaration reinvigorates journalism's dedication to serving the public, promoting truth, and upholding democratic values. Its importance serves as a source of inspiration for journalists across the globe. Collaboration, innovative storytelling, and strategic partnerships are crucial elements that can lead to success. Integrating technological advancements should balance preserving human verification and nuance to improve journalism.   

In conclusion, the Makhanda Declaration plays a crucial role in shaping the direction of journalism in the future. Media practitioners must come together in solidarity, promoting the growth of democratic societies while also actively working to bridge social divisions. The declaration's introduction represents a new beginning for journalism in South Africa, characterised by resilience, adaptability, and dedication.